Overview of Angola
Angola changed from a one-party Marxist-Leninist system ruled by the MPLA to a nominal multiparty democracy following the 1992 elections, in which President José Eduardo dos Santos won the first-round election with more than 49 percent of the vote to Jonas Savimbi's 40 percent; a runoff never took place.
Angolan authorities have escalated a crackdown on dissent in recent months by using disproportionate and unnecessary force, including unlawful killings, to disperse protests and tackle breaches of state of emergency regulations imposed to stem the spread of COVID-19, Amnesty International said today.
Angolan security forces have killed at least seven people – all of them teenagers – between May and July while enforcing measures to curb the spread of coronavirus, an investigation by international rights body Amnesty and Angolan campaign group Omunga has found.
Angola re-elected President Eduardo dos Santos in 2012 to another term of office in elections deemed free and fair by the international community but skewed strongly in his favor due to constitutional changes and institutional issues which include access to media.
Angola Cables is an Angolan telecommunications multinational operating in the wholesale market, its business is the sale of international
transmission capacity through submarine fiber optic cables (WACS, Monet & SACS) and IP Transit.
Angola is roughly square in shape, with a maximum width of about 800 miles (1,300 km), including the Cabinda exclave, which is located along the Atlantic coast just north of Angola’s border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Angola’s Ministry of Health established active community-based surveillance by trained village volunteers in 54 villages at risk starting in August 2020, assisted by the World Health Organization and The Carter Center.
Angola has 2,761 km of railways split into three systems: 76,626 km (47,613 mi) of highways with 19,156 km (11,903 mi) paved, 1,295 km of navigable waterways, 243 airports with 32 paved, and eight major sea ports.
Angola has eighteen provinces: Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire
ANGOLA — MBISS A/C GCHS Mar-K’s Sparks R Going to Fly, better known as Flyer, has had quite the show career in his 2 ½ years of life.
Continent
According to the International Monetary Fund, more than $4 billion in oil receipts have disappeared from Angola’s treasury in the last six years.Angola is the second-largest oil producer in sub-Saharan Africa, yet its people are among the continent’s poorest.The corruption under the Dos Santos government bears much of the blame.
Population
After independence, Angola descended into an intense civil war from 1975 to 2002.Angola as a Portuguese colony encompassing the present territory was not established until the early 20th century, after the Mbunda resistance and abduction of their King, Mwene Mbandu I Lyondthzi Kapova.Angola has vast mineral and petroleum reserves, and its economy has on average grown at a double-digit pace since the 1990s, especially following the end of the civil war.Angola is a member state of the United Nations, OPEC, African Union, the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, the Latin Union and the Southern African Development Community.5Angola is considered to be economically disparate, with the majority of the nation’s wealth concentrated in a disproportionately small sector of the population.Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (Portuguese: República de Angola), is a country in Southern Africa.Despite the civil war, areas such as Baixa de Cassanje continue a lineage of kings which have included the former King Kambamba Kulaxingo and current King Dianhenga Aspirante Mjinji Kulaxingo.In spite of this, standards of living remain low for the majority of the population, and life expectancy and infant mortality rates in Angola are among the worst in the world.In the 19th century, settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in the interior.Independence was achieved in 1975, after a protracted liberation war.It is the seventh largest country in Africa, and is bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean and Luanda is its capital city.The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.The Portuguese were present in some – mostly coastal – points of the territory of what is now Angola from the 16th century, interacting in diverse ways with the peoples who lived there.
Size
Angola is nearly five times the U.K.’s size and twice the size of the U.S.Angola is the 20th largest country in the world at 1,246,620 sq km (481,321 sq mi) after Niger.Mali is comparable in size.state of Texas.
Promoting responsibly sourced minerals: What can donors do?
About the work of the DAC International Network on Conflict and Fragility (INCAF) to support implementation of the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas.
History of Angola
In 1482, Portuguese caravels commanded by Diogo Cão arrived in the Congo[1] and he explored the extreme north-western coast of what today is Angola in 1484.[2] Other expeditions followed, and close relations were soon established between the two states.
In 1482, when the Portuguese first landed in what is now northern Angola, they encountered the Kingdom of the Congo, which stretched from modern Gabon in the north to the Kwanza River in the south.
In 1575, Paulo Dias de Novais, a Portuguese explorer founded Luanda as São Paulo de Loanda.
In 1581, Philip II of Spain invaded Portugal and held it for 60 years, precipitating a catastrophic decline in Portuguese commerce.
In 1649, treaties regulated Portugal’s relations with Kongo and the Njinga and Ndongo kingdoms in 1656.
In 1888, Northern and Southern Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe) were proclaimed a British sphere of influence.
In 1948, the National Party came to power.
In 1951 the colony was designated an overseas province, and Portugal initiated plans to develop industries and hydroelectric power.
In 1951, with the advent of the New State regime (Estado Novo) extended to the colony, Angola became a province of Portugal (Ultramarine Province), called the Província Ultramarina de Angola (Overseas Province of Angola).
In 1961, armed conflicts began when nationalist guerillas attacked civilians in northeastern Angola.
In 1962 a group of refugees in the Congo, led by Holden Roberto, organized the Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA).
In 1966, South West Africa People’s Organisation’s (SWAPO) military wing, the People’s Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) began guerrilla attacks on South African forces, infiltrating the territory from bases in Zambia.
In 1972 the heads of the FNLA and MPLA assumed joint leadership of a newly formed Supreme Council for the Liberation of Angola, but their military forces did not merge.
In 1972, a report called Luanda the “Paris of Africa”.
In 1974 and 1975, Portugal granted independence to its overseas provinces in Africa (Mozambique, Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde and São Tomé and Príncipe).
In 1975, FLEC began guerilla attacks against government targets and kidnapped foreigners in an effort to press for an independent Cabindan state.
In 1976, open rebellion erupted in the black township of Soweto near Johannesburg as a protest against the requirement of the use of Afrikaans as the medium of instruction in black schools.
In 1977, the death of black leader Steve Biko in police custody (and under suspicious circumstances) prompted protests and sanctions.
In 1977, the Western Contact Group (WCG) was formed including Canada, France, West Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
In 1986, the population totaled 7 million with an annual growth rate of 3.7%.
In 1993, the U.S.
In 1995, the Congo was host to 15,500 refugees, 12,700 of whom were from Angola and 2,100 from Chad.
In 1997, as the next presidential election loomed, conflict broke out between supporters of President Lissouba and Sassou-Nguesso.
In 1997, it was agreed that a coalition government with UNITA would be implemented.
In 1997, Lissouba and Sassou began to fight over power.
In 1998, Namibia Defence Force (NDF) troops were sent to the Democratic Republic of the Congo as part of a Southern African Development Community (SADC) contingent.
In 1998, Namibia lost to Ivory Coast 4–3 and drew Angola 3–3 before losing to South Africa 4–1.
In 1999 Namibia signed a mutual defence pact with its northern neighbour Angola.[26]
This affected the Angolan Civil War that had been ongoing since Angola’s independence in 1975.
In 1999 the United Nations voted to pull out all remaining troops stationed in the country, while continuing humanitarian relief work with over a million refugees.
In 1999, the rebels broke up into numerous factions aligned along ethnic or pro-Uganda/pro-Rwanda lines.
In 2002, production totaled 14,000 barrels per day.
In 2004 oil output (all of it crude) was estimated to have amounted to 235,500 barrels per day.
In 2005, the government began using a $2 billion line of credit from China to help rebuild the country’s infrastructure.
In 2005, the government started using a $2 billion line of credit from China to rebuild Angola's public infrastructure.
In 2006, Angola became a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
In 2008, Namibia lost to Morocco 5–1 and to Ghana 1–0 but drew Guinea 1–1 in their last match.
In 2010, Bechtel was invited to study the country’s infrastructure priorities and long-term development vision, to deliver a strong, successful and sustainable future for the people of Gabon.
In 2015, food security progressively deteriorated caused by drought in the southern provinces.
In 2019, Angola GDP was an estimated $91.5 billion (current market exchange rates); real GDP was down by an estimated 1.5%; and the population was 30 million.
In 2019, Angola made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.
In 2019, criminal law enforcement agencies in Angola took actions to combat child labor (Table 7).
In 2019, Ethiopia reported eight animal infections; Mali reported nine; Angola reported one.
In 2019, labor law enforcement agencies in Angola took actions to combat child labor (Table 6).
In 2019, they lost all their group games scoring only a single goal.
In 2020, Fitch Ratings downgraded seven of the 19 sub-Saharan states that it tracks—Angola and Zambia have each suffered two credit rating downgrades.
In 2020, the central bank introduced an electronic platform for foreign exchange transactions.
In the 1480s this Portuguese explorer reached the Congo River and the lands of Bakongo, setting up the foundations of modern Angola, some 4200 km down the African coast from Guinea-Bissau.[22]
In the 1750s, between 5,000 and 10,000 slaves were annually sold.[15] By this time, Angola, a Portuguese colony, was in fact like a colony of Brazil, paradoxically another Portuguese colony.
In the 1950s, political organizations formed and began to demand rights in international forums like the Non-Aligned Movement.
In the 1950s, the Portuguese overseas colony was rebranded an overseas province of Portugal, and by the early 1970s, it was officially upgraded to the status of Portuguese non-sovereign state, by which it would remain a Portuguese territory but with a wider administrative autonomy.
In the 1960s, bullets and bombs began to fly between SWAPO’s armed wing and the SADF.
In the 1970s and 80s the MPLA government received large amounts of aid from Cuba and the Soviet Union, while the United States supported first the FNLA and then UNITA.
In the 1970s, there were two significant population movements—the exodus of most of the 4,000 Portuguese residents and the influx of several hundred São Toméan refugees from Angola.
On 4 September 2006, the Confederation of African Football (CAF) approved a compromise between rival countries to host the Africa Cup of Nations after it ruled out Nigeria.
On 5 June 1997, government forces surrounded Sassou Nguesso’s home in the Mpila section of Brazzaville, attempting to arrest two men, Pierre Aboya and Engobo Bonaventure, who had been implicated in the earlier violence.
On 5 June, President Lissouba’s government forces surrounded Sassou’s compound in Brazzaville and Sassou ordered members of his private militia, known as “Cobras”, to resist.
On 5 June, President Lissouba’s government forces surrounded Sassou’s compound in Brazzaville, and Sassou ordered members of his private militia (known as “Cobras”) to resist.
On 7 June, they lost a home friendly 2–1 to Mauritius.
On 8 January 2010, the team bus of the Togo national football team was attacked by gunmen in Cabinda, Angola as it travelled to the tournament.
