Armenia

Overview of Armenia

  • Armenia is bordered by Turkey, Iran, Azerbaijan, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Georgia, however their land borders are closed to both Turkey and Azerbaijan, so if you want to move between these countries you will first have to travel to Georgia or Iran before you can cross into either Turkey or Azerbaijan
  • Armenia’s democratic reforms, a source of hope after the 2018 political transition, are—like its prime minister, Nikol Pashinyan—on the ropes, as weak institutions and a disheartened populace prove vulnerable to Russian disinformation, corruption, and anti-Western narratives.
  • Armenia Coffee has solidified its reputation in the industry as one of the premier green coffee importers and takes pride in its ability to connect producers and exporters of green, soluble, and decaffeinated coffees with roasters and end users from around the world.
  • Armenian cathedral on Akdamar Island of Lake Van and medieval Ani are two that lay a fewwhere on the midway between perfectly preserved and undergone total destruction, but both are absolutely must-sees if you’ve made your way that east.
  • Armenians on Thursday were celebrating their tiny Caucasus country’s surprising lead in its 2022 World Cup qualifying group with three wins out of three, lifting their spirits after a devastating war with Azerbaijan last year.
  • Armenians appear traumatized by their sudden reversal of fortunes, and many voices, especially those in opposition to Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, insist that the November agreement has no legal status and can be rejected.
  • Armenian SH, Chemaitilly W, Chen M, et al.: National Institutes of Health Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Late Effects Initiative: The Cardiovascular Disease and Associated Risk Factors Working Group Report.
  • Armenia has one nuclear power plant, Metsamor, (also known as the Armenian Nuclear Power Plant), which contains two VVER-440 reactor units and produces approximately 40% of the country's electricity.
  • Armenians say point 1 allows them to keep their forces in Karabakh and that they have complied with point 4 by withdrawing armed forces from the seven Azerbaijani districts around Karabakh.
  • Armenian SH, Lacchetti C, Barac A, et al.: Prevention and Monitoring of Cardiac Dysfunction in Survivors of Adult Cancers: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline.
  • Continent

    Autumn—long, mild, and sunny—is the most pleasant season.Because of Armenia’s position in the deep interior of the northern part of the subtropical zone, enclosed by lofty ranges, its climate is dry and continental.Intense sunshine occurs on many days of the year.Invasions of Arctic air sometimes cause the temperature to drop sharply: the record low is −51° F (−46° C).Regional climatic variation is nevertheless considerable.Summer, except in high-elevation areas, is long and hot, the average June and August temperature in the plain being 77° F (25° C); sometimes it rises to uncomfortable levels.Winter is generally not cold; the average January temperature in the plain and foothills is about 23° F (−5° C), whereas in the mountains it drops to 10° F (−12° C).Winter is particularly inclement on the elevated, windswept plateaus.

    Population

    According to the majority of historians, between 600,000 and 1.5 million Armenians were murdered or died of starvation.From the 16th century through World War I, major portions of Armenia were controlled by their most brutal invader, the Ottoman Turks, under whom the Armenians experienced discrimination, religious persecution, heavy taxation, and armed attacks.In response to Armenian nationalist stirrings, the Turks massacred thousands of Armenians in 1894 and 1896.Over the centuries Armenia was conquered by Greeks, Romans, Persians, Byzantines, Mongols, Arabs, Ottoman Turks, and Russians.The Armenian massacre is considered the first genocide of the 20th century.The most horrific massacre took place in April 1915 during World War I, when the Turks ordered the deportation of the Armenian population to the deserts of Syria and Mesopotamia.Turkey denies that a genocide took place and claims that a much smaller number died in a civil war.

    Size

    Ancient geographers called the Armenian Highlands the "Island of Mountains" or the "Rooftop of Asia Minor." In fact, the average altitude of the country is over a mile high, at about 1800 meters above sea level.Armenia has borders with Georgia to the north, with Turkey to the west and south, with Azerbaijan to the east and southwest, and with Iran to the south.Armenia is situated at a cultural, historical, and religious intersection and located at the crossroads between Europe and Asia, in the southern Transcaucasus.Presently, the country is landlocked and has no navigable waterways, in contrast to Historic Armenia, which at its height under King Tigran the Great, stretched from the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea and was more than ten times the current size of the present day Republic.The country spans 29,743 square kilometers (11,490 square miles, about the size of Belgium or Maryland) of mountainous terrain centered on the Ararat Valley, the heart of the Armenian nation since biblical times.

    Are there Georgian Lessons for Armenia?

    Just over a decade ago, another new democracy in the South Caucasus faced similar adversity after an analogous military loss.Georgia’s then president Mikheil Saakashvili and his government endured months of public discontent after the end of the disastrous war against Russia.The dramatic economic decline precipitated by the 2007–2008 global financial crisis magnified Saakashvili’s problems.Still, Georgia’s fledgling democracy largely weathered that storm, as Western economic aid bolstered Saakashvili’s position.In short order, the West injected over $4 billion into Georgia’s economy to support postwar stabilization efforts.While Georgia’s fragile democratic institutions held at the time, Saakashvili and his party eventually paid a political price in the 2012 parliamentary elections.

    What did Armenia agree to?

    The opposition, meanwhile, labeled the 45-year-old leader a “traitor” for agreeing to end the war in November with a Russia-brokered peace deal that saw Armenia cede swaths of the Nagorno-Karabakh region to Azerbaijan.

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    Has Russia gained influence over Armenia and the region since brokering the peace deal?

    Russia has been widely credited with bringing last year’s war to an end, an achievement that will allow it to keep its peacekeepers in the region for at least five years.This has assured Moscow a major role in the region’s future, likely at the expense of France and the United States, Russia’s partners in decades-long efforts to negotiate peace through a forum known as the Minsk Group of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.

    Marching to the Kremlin’s drum?

    During the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, as Armenia suffered losses, Pashinyan moved away from his pro-Western sympathies to accept Russian President Vladimir Putin as Armenia’s supreme international backer – and kingmaker.During the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, as Armenia suffered losses, Pashinyan moved away from his pro-Western sympathies to accept Russian President Vladimir Putin as Armenia’s supreme international backer – and kingmaker.

    What can I do to avoid bed bugs?

    Although bed bugs do not carry disease, they are an annoyance.See our information page about avoiding bug bites for some easy tips to avoid them.For more information on bed bugs, see Bed Bugs.

    Why are Armenia and Azerbaijan in conflict?

    The first war over the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh began in 1991 as the Soviet Union was collapsing.Armenia then launched a military operation to take control of a region that historically had been home to an ethnic Armenian population living within the Soviet republic of Azerbaijan.

    Why does CDC recommend packing these health-related items?

    It’s best to be prepared to prevent and treat common illnesses and injuries.Some supplies and medicines may be difficult to find at your destination, may have different names, or may have different ingredients than what you normally use.

    What is at stake if the country’s political crisis continues?

    Prolonged instability in Armenia could endanger the fragile truce that went into effect on November 10.Even if Pashinyan’s government survives the June elections, his authority has been damaged, and opposition to the truce negotiated last November remains high.

    Why did Armenia and Azerbaijan go to war?

    The two countries have longstanding tensions over a disputed territory, Nagorno-Karabakh.

    History of Armenia

  • In 1308, the Lusignan king, Henry II of Jerusalem, repaired the church after it was destroyed by an earthquake.
  • In 1801, the Russian Empire annexed the Georgian kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (of which Tbilisi was the capital), later cementing its rule with the Treaty of Gulistan of 1813,[23][24] which ended Iranian control of Georgia.[25] Tbilisi became the center of the Tbilisi Governorate (Gubernia).
  • In 1853, Azerbaijani became a compulsory language for students of all backgrounds in all of Transcaucasia with the exception of the Tiflis Governorate.[35]
  • In 1866, the Assembly of Delegates was founded to serve as an advisory body for the government.
  • In 1895, Djibouti, which, not so long ago, was just a peninsula, already had 5,000 inhabitants.
  • In 1896, Léonce Lagarde became the first governor of the French Somali Coast, a new name for the French dependencies in the region.
  • In 1917, Russia was officially proclaimed the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, which in 1922 was united with the Ukrainian, Belorussian, and Transcaucasian republics to form the see Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
  • In 1921, the Democratic Republic of Georgia was occupied by the Soviet Bolshevik forces from Russia, and until 1936 Tbilisi functioned first as the capital city of the Transcaucasian SFSR (which included Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia), and afterward until 1991 as the capital of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
  • In 1922, Azerbaijan joined the USSR as a member of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Republic.
  • In 1936, after a reorganization, Armenia became a separate constituent republic of the USSR.
  • In 1961, legislation gave Muslim Shari’a courts exclusive jurisdiction in matters of personal status.
  • In 1976, the government began to upgrade the status of dimotiki in education and government.
  • In 1980 the city housed the first state-sanctioned rock festival in the USSR.
  • In 1988, Armenia became involved in a territorial dispute with Azerbaijan over the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh.
  • In 1989, only two-fifths of the city’s 600,000 residents were ethnic Tajiks; Russians comprised a third of the population, Uzbeks one-tenth, and Tatars, Ukrainians, and Jews – another 10 percent.
  • In 1990, some 98 percent of Kyrgyz exports went to other parts of the Soviet Union.
  • In 1990, some 98% of Kyrgyz exports went to other parts of the Soviet Union.
  • In 1991, the Armenian military illegally occupied Nagorno-Karabakh, also known as Upper Karabakh, internationally recognized as Azerbaijani territory, and seven adjacent regions.
  • In 1992-1994, tensions boiled over and exploded into large-scale military action for control over the enclave and seven adjacent territories after Azerbaijan lost control of them.
  • In 1993, the Armenian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (ANRA) was established as the regulator.
  • In 2002, Kazakhstan became a member of UEFA for better development of its football, but Uzbekistan chose to remain in the AFC.
  • In 2004, Slovakia had 409 refugees, and maintained higher numbers of asylum seekers, including 2,916 from India, China, Russia, and Armenia.
  • In 2005, the net migration rate was an estimated 0.3 migrants per 1,000 population.
  • In 2007, Armenia adopted a new energy strategy focusing on security of supply through diversification and the use of nuclear energy as well as renewable energy sources.
  • In 2007, while a guest lecturer at the University of Minnesota, Dr.
  • In 2008, diplomatic efforts to normalize relations with Turkey were initiated but were later suspended due to intense internal pressure on both sides, and disagreements between the two countries.
  • In 2011, this suit was also dismissed.
  • In 2012, foreign direct investments dropped by 40% due to remaining deficiencies in the business environment and the decline in construction.
  • In 2012, the GNI per capita was 3,200 USD (no data yet on GDP per capita for 2013).
  • In 2014, The United States Census Bureau began finalizing the ethnic classification of MENA populations.[99] According to the Arab American Institute (AAI), Arab Americans have family origins in each of the 22 member states of the Arab League.[100] Following consultations with MENA organizations, the Census Bureau announced in 2014 that it would establish a new MENA ethnic category for populations from the Middle East, North Africa and the Arab world, separate from the “white” classification that these populations had previously sought in 1909.
  • In 2015, Serbia’s first match was a qualifying match against Portugal in Lisbon, during which Serbia lost 2–1, cutting their chances for qualification to Euro 2016.
  • In 2017 over 27% of revenues came from products, while over 21% from financial services and over 19% of communications, media and technology.
  • In 2018 total generating capacity was 79 GWe.
  • In 2018, Colorado designated a portion of Arapahoe Road in Arapahoe County as the Sardarapat Armenian Memorial Highway.
  • In 2018, massive protests against corruption led to the election of a reform-minded government headed by Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan with the support of a sizeable parliamentary majority.
  • In 2020, WFP also supported the procurement of urgent medical supplies and equipment as part of the COVID-19 response.
  • In the 1830s the tax paid in Moldavia was called – in Romanian – the crupca (also a system of Polish origin; in Polish: korowka).
  • In the 1960s thousands of these dogs were brought to serve as border patrols along the Berlin Wall.
  • In the 1970s, a couple brought the Akbash over to North America because of their research on the white coated dog breeds that could be found in the Armenian Highlands, which is one of the three plateaus that make up much of the north of the Middle East.
  • On 1 April 2014, mobile number portability was launched in Armenia, which means that subscribers of mobile operators can have any mobile network code by porting in from the host operator.
  • On 4 September 2015, Serbia had their first victory, winning 2–0, against Armenia.
  • On 8 April in Vilnius, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania Gabrielius Landsbergis met with the outgoing Ambassador of Armenia to Lithuania Tigran Mkrtchyan.
  • On 8 October 2015, Serbia defeated Albania with a goal each from Aleksandar Kolarov and Adem Ljajić.