Tokugawa

Overview of Tokugawa

  • Tokugawa Ieyasu (previously spelled Iyeyasu; 徳川 家康) (January 31, 1543 – June 1, 1616) was a Japanese warrior and the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868.
  • Tokugawa Hidetada’s father, Tokugawa Ieyasu, was named in 1603 by the imperial court of Emperor Go-Yozei as shogun or supreme military leader of all of Japan, thus beginning a dynasty that would rule Japan for the next two and half centuries.
  • Tokugawa period, also called Edo period, (1603–1867), the final period of traditional Japan, a time of internal peace, political stability, and economic growth under the shogunate (military dictatorship) founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu.
  • Tokugawa Ieyasu installing himself as shogun did not wash away the grievances felt by those daimyo with ambitions for power or who thought Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s son, Hideyori, the legitimate successor.
  • Tokugawa Ieyasu is the third of the trio of great Japanese warlords along with Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582) and Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598) who are known as the great unifiers of Japanese history.
  • Tokugawa Shi-tennou (the Four senior vassals of Tokugawa) Jokugawa Shi-tennou indicates four senior sassals of Tokugawa Ieyasu lineage, namely, Honda Tadakatsu, Sakai Tadatsugu.
  • Tokugawa Hidetada ruled in his father’s shadow while his father was still alive but following his father’s death, Hidetada assumed complete power. 
  • Tokugawa Ieyasu increased his control over gold and silver mines, secured mintage technology and systems, and issued Keicho silver and gold coins in 1601.
  • Tokugawa Yoshimune further conducted a reform to stimulate the economy and raise prices in 1736, again lowering the gold content of the koban.
  • Tokugawa, whose original power base was a huge fief that included Edo (modern Tokyo), by 1615 defeated his last opponents at Osaka Castle.
  • How long did the Tokugawa period last?

    The Tokugawa period lasted more than 260 years, from 1603 to 1867.

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    What was Tokugawa Ieyasu’s childhood like?

    Tokugawa Ieyasu was separated from his parents at an early age.His mother was forced to leave the household because of shifting clan alliances, and, when he was four years old, Ieyasu was sent as a hostage to the Imagawa clan.En route, he was captured by the rival Oda family and held for two years.

    What were Tokugawa Ieyasu’s achievements?

    Tokugawa Ieyasu possessed a combination of organizational genius and military aptitude that allowed him to assert control of a unified Japan.As a result, his family presided over a period of peace, internal stability, and relative isolation from the outside world for more than 250 years.

    Like Father, Like Son?

    After many more battles, he sieged Osaka Castle where the Toyotomi family lived.Tokugawa Ieyasu was a cold-blooded, ambitious man who had Hideyori and his mother (Yodo-done) and his seven-year-old son (Kunimatsu) all killed.

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    What happened during the Tokugawa period?

    The Tokugawa period was marked by internal peace, political stability, and economic growth.Social order was officially frozen, and mobility between classes (warriors, farmers, artisans, and merchants) was forbidden.The samurai warrior class came to be a bureaucratic order in this time of lessened conflict.The shogunate perceived Roman Catholic missionaries as a tool of colonial expansion and a threat to the shogun’s authority and consequently banned Christianity and adopted a policy of national seclusion.

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    Where is Tokugawa Ieyasu buried?

    Tokugawa Ieyasu was buried at Kunozan Tosho-gu, a Shinto shrine in eastern Shizuoka.One year after his death, a second shrine was erected at Nikko, and it is held that Ieyasu’s spirit resides there.

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    What were the Achievements and Failures of Tokugawa Hidetada?

    Hidetada, being a general, was given the responsibility by his father to attack Uesugi at the Battle of Sekigahara.He changed the plan and decided to bring the 38,000 men under him westward to join his father.Along the way, he changed course to join the war of the Sanada at the Ueda Castle in Shinano.He attempted to siege the castle, but he failed.He continued to meet his father in Sekigahara but arrived too late.He missed the battle.He was harshly rebuked by his father.

    Where did Tokugawa Ieyasu grow up?

    Tokugawa Ieyasu spent his early life in Sumpu (now Shizuoka) as a hostage of the Imagawa clan.There he received military and leadership training and, by his teen years, was acting as a lieutenant for clan leader Imagawa Yoshimoto.Imagawa was slain when Ieyasu was 17, and Ieyasu returned to his family home near Nagoya.

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    What was Tokugawa Hidetada’s Historical Nickname?

    Tokugawa Hidetada had many nicknames.He was known as Nagamaru initially, which turned into Takechiyo a few years later.Then, he was eventually known as Hidetada.He assumed the Buddhist posthumous name “Daitoku-in”/” Taitoku-in” when he died.

    Why was the Tokugawa period important?

    The Tokugawa period was the final period of traditional Japan.It was the last of the shogunates.During this time Tokugawa Ieyasu established a government at Edo (now Tokyo), where Japan’s central government remains today.In the 1630s the shogunate adopted a policy of national seclusion, which forbade Japanese subjects from traveling abroad.This isolation from the rest of the world would have a profound effect on Japan’s future.

    History of Tokugawa

  • In 1765, the Tokugawa Shogunate government issued silver coins with fixed weight (Meiwa Gomonme-gin <5 monme-gin> silver coins) to be exchanged at an official exchange rate of 1-ryo of gold for 60 monme of silver, and subsequently in 1772, issued Meiwa Nanryo Nishu-gin silver coins with denominations based on gold coin units.
  • In 1858, Japan concluded treaties of amity and commerce with the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, the Netherlands and France (known as “unequal treaties”).
  • In 1603, Tokugawa Ieyasu completed the task and established the Tokugawa Shogunate, which would rule in the emperor’s name until 1868.
  • In 1866, Shogun Tokugawa Iemochi suddenly died, and Tokugawa Yoshinobu reluctantly took power.
  • In 1484, Muromachi bakufu officially established 1 ryo of Kyome (the weight standard used in and around Kyoto, applied to the gold currency) was equivalent to 4.5 monme (about 16.8 grams) then in Azuchi Momoyama period (or Genki and Tensho eras [1570 to 1592]), 1 ryo of Kyome was changed to 4 monme and 4 bu (about 16.4 grams) and the weight standards other than Kyome were called Inakame.
  • In 1541, Hirotada married with Mizuno Tadamasa daughter, Okichi.
  • In 1560 Imagawa Yoshimoto was slain during a battle with Oda Nobunaga, who was rapidly gaining power, and young Ieyasu seized the opportunity to return to his family’s small castle and assume control of his surviving relatives and vassals.
  • In 1565, Matsudaira Ieyasu became master of all of Mikawa Province.
  • In 1567 Ieyasu changed his name yet again and started the family name “Tokugawa”, this time to Tokugawa Ieyasu.
  • In 1567 Ieyasu took a new surname, Tokugawa, and the personal name of Ieyasu.
  • In 1567 Ieyasu, whose father’s death had left him as leader of the Matsudaira, allied with Oda Nobunaga, a powerful neighbour.
  • In 1567, Matsudaira Motonobu – then known as Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542–1616) – grandson of Kiyoyasu, was recognized by Emperor Ōgimachi as a descendant of Seiwa Genji; he also started the family name Tokugawa.
  • In 1570, Asai Nagamasa, brother in law of Oda Nobunaga, during Siege of Kanegasaki broke their alliance with the Oda clans.
  • In 1572, after besieging Futamata, Shingen would press on past Futamata towards the major Tokugawa home castle at Hamamatsu.
  • In 1574, Katsuyori took Takatenjin fortress.
  • In 1575 the Takeda army attacked Nagashino Castle in Mikawa province.
  • In 1579, Ieyasu’s wife, and his eldest son, Matsudaira Nobuyasu, were accused of conspiring with Takeda Katsuyori to assassinate Nobunaga.
  • In 1579, Lady Tsukiyama, Ieyasu’ wife, and his heir Nobuyasu, were accused by Nobunaga of conspiring with Takeda Katsuyori to assassinate Nobunaga, whose daughter Tokuhime was married to Nobuyasu.
  • In 1580 there were an estimated 150,000 Japanese Christian converts, and some accounts indicate that by 1600 there were twice this number.
  • In 1580, Oda-Tokugawa forces launched the second siege of Takatenjin; the siege came only six years after Takeda Katsuyori had taken the fortress.
  • In 1584, Ieyasu decided to support Oda Nobukatsu, the eldest surviving son and heir of Oda Nobunaga, against Hideyoshi.
  • In 1584, Ieyasu decided to support Oda Nobuo, the eldest son and heir of Oda Nobunaga, against Hideyoshi, a dangerous move which could have resulted in the annihilation of the Tokugawa.
  • In 1590, Hideteda was involved in a kidnapping.
  • In 1592, Hideyoshi invaded Korea as a prelude to his plan to attack China.
  • In 1593, Hideyoshi fathered a son and heir, Toyotomi Hideyori.
  • In 1598, with Hideyoshi’s health clearly failing, Hideyoshi called a meeting that would determine the Council of Five Elders, who would be responsible for ruling on behalf of his son after his death.
  • In 1598, with his health clearly failing, Hideyoshi called a meeting to determine the Council of Five Elders who would be responsible for ruling on behalf of his son after his death.
  • In 1600 AD, Tokugawa Ieyasu (徳川 家康, 1543–1616) gained total control of all of Japan, and the country entered a period of prolonged peace that would last until the Meiji Restoration.
  • In 1600, forces loyal to Toyotomi Hideyori, Hideyoshi’s son, under general Ishida Mitsunari fought Ieyasu at the battle of Sekigahara.
  • In 1603, after Ieyasu consolidated his alliances, Emperor Go‐Yōzei invested him with the title of shogun, an abbreviation of seii tai shōgun (barbarianquelling generalissimo), which had originated in the eighth and ninth centuries as a temporary commission granted to generals charged with pacifying the Emishi of the northeast.
  • In 1603, the emperor bestowed upon Ieyasu the title of Shogun.
  • In 1603, Tokugawa Ieyasu received the title of shogun from Emperor Go-Yozei (後陽成天皇).
  • In 1615, Ieyasu prepared the Buke shohatto (武家諸法度), a document setting out the future of the Tokugawa regime.[27]
  • In 1615, Tokugawa prepared the Buke Shohatto, a document setting out the future of the Tokugawa regime.
  • In 1616, Ieyasu died at age 73.[8] The cause of death is thought to have been cancer or syphilis.
  • In 1636 the Portuguese were restricted to Deshima, a man-made
    islet–and thus, not true Japanese soil–in Nagasaki’s harbor.
  • In 1695 the government decided to increase the amount of metal money in circulation by debasement.
  • In 1700 the official exchange rate was adjusted to 1 ryō equal to 60 monme silver (225 grams) or 4000 brass coins.
  • In 1804 even the depiction
    of members of the bushi, the aristocratic members of the
    samurai class, were forbidden as far back into the history as
    the sixteenth century.
  • In 1853 Commodore Perry positioned four steam boats outside of Edo and gave the shogunate a letter of ultimatum: either open Japan to foreign commerce or the US military would attack.
  • In 1867, the emperor also died, and his son Mitsuhito became the Meiji Emperor.
  • In 1869, after the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate, the former shogunal line, headed by Tokugawa Iesato was sent to Sunpu and assigned the short-lived Sunpu Domain.
  • In 1954 Perry returned and forced the shogunate to allow the United States to station a negotiator named Townsend Harris in Japan.
  • In the 1570s Ieyasu was at war again this time with the powerful Takeda Shingen, who had his power base in Kofu.